George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty

George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four Essay On each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four presents a negative utopian picture, a society ruled by rigid totalitarianism. The government which Orwell creates in his novel is ruled by an entity known as Big Brother and consists of three branches. The Ministry of Truth, overseeing the distribution of propaganda and other printed materials, the Ministry of War, the millitary unit, and the Ministry of Love, the law enforcement division, make up the government. The main character, Winston Smith, does not completely accept the ideology that is fed to him by the government, through the concept of Big Brother. When one examines George Orwell’s life, it can be clearly seen that he personifies his political perceptions, social and aesthetic characteristics, and self-examination of his own writing, through Winston Smith, in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Orwell’s political perceptions, especially his skepticism of mass media, are given life through Winston Smith. Spending time working for the British Broadcasting Company (BBC), Orwell experienced many distorted truths and propaganda (Woodcock 9). This led to an intense distrust of those in power and their influence on the information distributed to and recieved by the general public. Orwell explains how history is altered by whomever is in power. In Orwell’s essay â€Å"Revising History† he examines the credibility of history and finds that it is based on the person or group in control. Orwell hated totalitarianism, primarily because of its attacks on unbiased truth and so saw it as the enemy. If a person or organization in power finds a fact damaging or out of sync with his cause, he can simply change it by the manner in which it is reported. Orwell states, â€Å"A certain degree of truthfulness was possible so long as it was admitted that a fact may be true even if you don’t like it. † (†Revising† 1). He is supporting his ideas with an obvious example familiar to most. World War II, Orwell points out, had two very distinct slants depending on whether you subscribe to the Nazi account or that of their enemies. Another telling example he spoke of was the broadcasted outcome of the Spanish Civil War being decided by the winning power’s preferences. Simply put, Orwell boldly claims that â€Å"History is written by the winners,† (Orwell, â€Å"Revising† 1). So Orwell’s own distrust is obvious in his creation of the Ministry of Truth. It is here where his main character, Winston, is employed forming propaganda and changing past facts to coincide with whatever lies Big Brother is feeding the general public. According to Woodcock, Orwell definitely based the Ministry of Truth and Winston’s work on his experiences at the BBC (9). Winston’s role in Big Brother’s government was a projected charicteristic of Orwell’s political opinions. Furter exemplifying the attribution of Orwell’s characteristics through Winston Smith, is the manifestation of Orwell’s political views in Winston’s own writings. Although Orwell wrote publicly, and Winston wrote in a private diary, they both passionately wrote for their own cause. Orwell was against totalitarianism and used Winston to reflect that when he wrote against the â€Å"evils of Igsoc† (Duda 1). Igsoc is the doctirne by which the government of Oceania, under which Winston lived, was operated. In Nineteen Eighty-Four, Winston Smith writes in his diary: â€Å"For whom, it suddenly occurred to him to wonder was he writing this diary? For the future, for the unborn.. .† â€Å"For the first time the magnitude of what he had undertaken came home to him. How could you communicate with the future? It was of its nature impossible. Either the future would resemble the present in which case it would not listen to him, or it would be different from it, and his predicament would be meaningless† (10). Although both Winston and Orwell recognize their objective is hopeless, they still cling to the hope that maybe through their words and descriptions, (as opposed to logical arguments) that they might, even for a moment alter another’s thinking (Duda 2). Orwell writes in his essay, â€Å"Why I Write† that â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written directly or indirectly against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it† (4). A Crime In the Neighbourhood EssayFurthermore, Orwell continued to project his individuality in Winston in some very basic and ordinary manners. Winston has a relatively decent job as an Outer Party member in the Ministry of Truth. However, due to rations resulting from ceaseless wars, Winston is accustomed to scrimping and making the most of whatever he could buy. This stems from Orwell’s life as a writer where, during the writing of a book, he practiced frugality until income was received for a publishing. Winston, as an Outer Party member, is not part of the elite Inner Party but neither is he in the lowest class, known as the Proles. Orwell was also middle class. Orwell was said to lack close friends with whom he could discuss deep issues and share his problems (Coppard, Crick 15). Winston also lacked someone with whom to share his deepest feelings. Although Winston had Julia, she did not care to discuss any kind of politics, instead their relationship was much more superficial. Both being unattractive, Orwell often complained of being ugly and had a lot of health problems, just like Winston who is described as being small and frail with a course face (Coppard, Crick 53). Sharing Orwell’s negative attitude, Winston describes much in the novel as â€Å"looking like vomit† (Magill 1532). Winston can be obviously seen as a direct personification of George Orwell. Examining yet again his motives behind writing, Orwell used Winston Smith to explain a basic need he felt simply to record history. In Orwell’s essay, â€Å"Why I Write†, he describes writing as a â€Å"historical impulse– a desire to see things as they are, find out true facts and store them for use of posterity† (Orwell 2). In this passage from Nineteen Eighty-Four, Winston Smith is writing in a diary he bought: â€Å"For whom, it suddenly occurred to him to wonder was he writing this diary? For the future, for the unborn† (10). Duda explains how, in this passage, Winston is trying to deal with his intellectual rebellion by writing his thoughts in a diary, which is illegal and makes death inevitable. He recognizes that it will probably not have an effect, only quicken his death, but he still clings to the notion that some day it might be found and used to prove the nature of his present state (1). Winston is writing simply to record a piece of history, that it might be used by the future, another example of Orwell’s influence on Winston’s character, specifically his motivation for writing. Orwell expressed many of his fears and self-doubts as a writer through the character Winston Smith. In describing Winston’s writing, he is examining his own purposes in writing. For Orwell, writing is a means of bringing others to the thought. His basis of success is reliant on his effectiveness of reaching others (Duda 1). Orwell felt that his works without â€Å"political purpose† resulted in â€Å"lifeless books† and â€Å"sentences without meaning† (Orwell, â€Å"Why† 5). Feeling lonely and unappreciated as a child, Orwell knew that he was skilled with words, and felt that it somehow made up for some of his other weaknesses and failures (1). However, he was still very critical of himself, saying in reference to a book he was preparing to write: ‘It is bound to be a failure, every book is a failure† (Orwell, â€Å"Why† 4). Smith’s uncertainty of the worthwhileness of his writings is a direct reflection of Orwell’s own wonderment of worth as a writer (Duda 1). In the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, Winston Smith is a direct personification of the author, George Orwell. This was seen through Orwell’s political perceptions, such as his skepticism about mass media, his politically motivated writings, and his view of governmental figures. The characterization was also displayed in Orwell’s attraction to a certain social, economic class, and his basic aesthetic similarities. Orwell’s feelings about writing were also exhibited through Winston Smith; his fears of failure and his basic yearning to be remembered. Nineteen Eighty-Four will forever be remembered for its prophetic warnings of a totalitarian society in which individuality is stripped away. In a desperate attempt to pierce through invincible, omnipitant, omni-present Big Brother, Winston Smith fought to preserve his identity, an identity which was a true reflection of George Orwell.